In industrial, high-traffic, and coastal humid environments, oil films easily accumulate on PV glass and bind with dust, typically causing 3–8%, and up to 10%, power loss.
● Reduced Transmittance: Oil films absorb and scatter light.
●Higher Optical Loss: Surface non-uniformity lowers light-entry efficiency.
● Faster Build-up: Increases adhesion of dust and salt mist.
In industrial and coastal environments, rust particles and metal oxides can adhere firmly to PV glass, are hard to remove, and typically cause 3–7%, and over 10% in severe cases, power loss.
● Shading: Blocks incident light.
● Scattering: Deflects light and reduces utilization efficiency.
● Surface Wear: Hard particles may scratch the glass.
In hard-water areas, chemical discharge zones, and dust or salt-mist environments, dense silicate and mineral crystallization can form on PV glass, typically causing 4–8%, and 10–15% if left untreated, power loss.
● Light Blocking: Hazy or whitish films reduce transmittance.
● Hot-Spot Risk: Uneven irradiation may cause local heating.
● Difficult to Remove: Not resolved by regular rinsing; requires deep cleaning.